حالی: غزل کی نئی تنقید

Hali: A New Criticism of the Ghazal

Abstract

"Maqdama e shair o Shayari" was published in 1893 along with Hali's Diwan, and it is the first book of its kind in Urdu criticism, which changed the direction of critical tradition and laid the foundation for modern criticism. The ideas presented in this book regarding poetry remain significant even today, despite the spread of Western critical principles. Maqada e Shair o Shayery holds a unique position in the criticism of Urdu ghazal. It marks a new turning point in the criticism of Urdu ghazal. Maqada e shair o shayeri is divided into two parts. The first part explains the definition of poetry, its impact and benefits, and the importance of words and meanings. Along with this, the basic principles of Urdu poetry have been formulated, and the necessary conditions for it have been presented. While discussing and arranging these, in addition to Arabic critical standards, Western critical ideas have also been kept in view. The second part defines and explains the characteristics of important genres of Urdu poetry, along with providing correct standards for them.