اردو میں غیرعربی حروف کا املائی ارتقا

Orthographic Evolution of Non-Arabic Alphabets in Urdu

Abstract

Each language has its own system of graphs and style of script. In order to translate spoken words in writing, symbols or letters are formed and arranged in such a way that the person who writes them can be understood with the help of apology. This system of symbols or letters is not necessarily limited to a single language, but due to political, social and commercial influences, some other languages also become customary with some partial modifications or additions. The Urdu script is Arabic, adopted in the fifteenth century AD, through Persian instead of Arabic. The non-Arabic letters in Urdu were first identified by the Persians but these letters were formed for the sounds which belonged to the language of their region. Since these sounds were present in most of the Indian languages including Urdu, the letters related to these sounds became available to the people of Urdu through Persian, but the Indians had to make great efforts for the sounds which the people of Persia were deprived of. Undoubtedly, these linguistic endeavors have a historical evolution, the study of which is both interesting and surprising.